Neuroradiology50d ago
Role of DWI-FLAIR mismatch
In wake-up strokes—where symptom onset is unknown—a DWI-FLAIR mismatch serves as a tissue clock: DWI lights up within minutes due to cytotoxic edema FLAIR remains dark for ~6 hours (requiring…
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Obstetrics and Gynecology51d ago
Vasa Previa on Ultrasound
Vasa previa occurs when unprotected fetal vessels cross the internal cervical os, either within the membranes or via a low-tethered umbilical cord. Prenatal diagnosis relies on the transvaginal…
Pediatric Radiology51d ago
The "Molar Tooth" Sign
The hallmark imaging feature of Joubert syndrome is an extremely underdeveloped or absent cerebellar vermis combined with enlarged, horizontally oriented superior cerebellar peduncles, creating the…
Pediatric Radiology52d ago
Normal Periventricular Halo vs. Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL) on Ultrasound
A periventricular echogenic halo is a normal developmental variant seen in 97% of premature infants born before 32 weeks of gestation, and can be confused with PVL. To differentiate this normal halo…
Pediatric Radiology52d ago
Diagnosing Pyloric Stenosis on Imaging
The ultrasound criteria for diagnosing hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) typically dictate that: The single pyloric muscle thickness must measure 4 mm (or at least 3 mm) or greater, and the…
Pediatric Radiology52d ago
Radiological Signs of Midgut Volvulus
On an upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series, the classic "corkscrew" appearance of the duodenum is indicative of midgut volvulus, reflecting the abnormal bowel twisting around its mesenteric vascular…
Musculoskeletal53d ago
Spinal Modic Changes Modic changes on MRI
Spinal Modic changes describe degenerative vertebral endplate marrow abnormalities. Type 1 (edema) appears hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2/STIR. Type 2 (fatty degeneration) is hyperintense…
Neuroradiology53d ago
CT Stroke Workup — 3 phases
A standard CT-based stroke workup includes three phases: NCCT excludes hemorrhage, early signs hyperdense artery sign, insular ribbon loss, and lentiform nucleus obscuration; quantify damage with…
Neuroradiology53d ago
Differentiating Intracranial Cysts
Common cystic brain lesions can be differentiated by evaluating the MRI sequences. Arachnoid cysts strictly follow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on all sequences and suppress completely on FLAIR.…
Pediatric Radiology58d ago
Stridor Imaging Signs
When imaging a pediatric patient with stridor, specific radiographic signs help differentiate the etiology. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) typically shows the 'steeple sign ' on a frontal (PA) neck…