The most important differentials to consider are : Medulloblastomas arise from the vermis, are hyperdense on non-contrast CT, and show restricted diffusion on MRI due to high cellularity. Ependymomas…
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) is an orthopedic emergency involving a Salter-Harris type I fracture of the proximal femoral physis . It classically affects overweight adolescent males…
MCDK is the second most common neonatal abdominal mass. On ultrasound, it appears as numerous non-communicating cysts of varying sizes. MCDK vs UPJ obstruction: the largest cyst is never central. The…
In Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD), there is a well-documented inverse relationship between the severity of renal cystic disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis. Neonates…
Renal vein thrombosis must be suspected in a dehydrated or polycythemic neonate presenting with hematuria and a palpable flank mass. Ultrasound is diagnostic, showing a large, echogenic kidney .…
The hallmark imaging feature of Joubert syndrome is an extremely underdeveloped or absent cerebellar vermis combined with enlarged, horizontally oriented superior cerebellar peduncles, creating the…
A periventricular echogenic halo is a normal developmental variant seen in 97% of premature infants born before 32 weeks of gestation, and can be confused with PVL. To differentiate this normal halo…
The ultrasound criteria for diagnosing hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) typically dictate that: The single pyloric muscle thickness must measure 4 mm (or at least 3 mm) or greater, and the…
On an upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series, the classic "corkscrew" appearance of the duodenum is indicative of midgut volvulus, reflecting the abnormal bowel twisting around its mesenteric vascular…
When imaging a pediatric patient with stridor, specific radiographic signs help differentiate the etiology. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) typically shows the 'steeple sign ' on a frontal (PA) neck…
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